Registered Nurse (RN) Endocrine Licensure Exam

Which symptom is indicative of insulin deficiency in diabetes?

1. A. Decreased thirst

2. B. Increased appetite

3. C. Weight gain

4. D. Frequent urination

The correct answer is: D. Frequent urination

Frequent urination, also known as polyuria, is a classic symptom of insulin deficiency in diabetes. When insulin is lacking, glucose cannot effectively enter the cells for energy, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. The kidneys then work to filter out the excess glucose from the bloodstream, which draws water along with it, resulting in increased urine production. As blood glucose levels rise, this diuretic effect leads to more frequent urination, which can cause the body to lose significant fluid, contributing to dehydration and prompting further thirst. This symptom is particularly common in individuals with uncontrolled diabetes, emphasizing the relationship between insulin deficiency and fluid balance in the body. In contrast, other symptoms like decreased thirst, increased appetite, and weight gain may not necessarily present in cases of insulin deficiency and are often more associated with other factors or conditions related to insulin resistance or the body's overall metabolic response to diabetes.