Registered Nurse (RN) Endocrine Licensure Exam

Which of the following is a common long-term complication of diabetes?

1. A. Diabetic retinopathy

2. B. Acute kidney injury

3. C. Rapid weight loss

4. D. Dehydration

The correct answer is: A. Diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is a well-known long-term complication of diabetes, characterized by damage to the retina caused by chronic hyperglycemia and damage to blood vessels. This condition can lead to vision impairment and, if untreated, can result in blindness. The progression of diabetic retinopathy can often be asymptomatic in its early stages, which makes regular eye examinations vital for early detection and management. On the other hand, acute kidney injury is an abrupt decline in kidney function that can occur due to various causes, including dehydration or medications, but it is not a direct long-term complication of diabetes. Rapid weight loss can occur in some individuals with uncontrolled diabetes, particularly type 1, due to the body breaking down fat and muscle for energy when insulin is not effectively facilitating glucose uptake. Dehydration can result from hyperglycemia due to osmotic diuresis but is not classified as a long-term complication. Thus, diabetic retinopathy is the best answer as it represents a chronic complication resulting from long-standing diabetes.