Registered Nurse (RN) Endocrine Licensure Exam

What characterizes the clinical manifestation of Type 1 diabetes?

1. A. Gradual onset, typically after age 40

2. B. Weight gain and increased hunger

3. C. Often presents with diabetic ketoacidosis

4. D. Increased insulin production

The correct answer is: C. Often presents with diabetic ketoacidosis

The clinical manifestation of Type 1 diabetes is characteristically marked by the potential to present with diabetic ketoacidosis, particularly at diagnosis. This is due to the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to absolute insulin deficiency. As a result, the body cannot utilize glucose effectively, causing elevated blood glucose levels. Without insulin, the body resorts to fat metabolism, producing ketones as a by-product, which can accumulate and lead to ketoacidosis. Diabetic ketoacidosis is more common in individuals with Type 1 diabetes, often presenting with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and altered mental status. Recognizing this association is crucial for timely and appropriate management of the condition, especially in emergency situations. In contrast, Type 1 diabetes does not typically present with gradual onset or the characteristics of weight gain. It generally occurs more in younger individuals rather than after age 40, highlighting the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes regarding onset and age. Additionally, insulin production is decreased in Type 1 diabetes, not increased, further distinguishing it from other forms of diabetes that may involve insulin resistance or higher insulin output at the beginning of the disease process.