Registered Nurse (RN) Endocrine Licensure Exam

Upon diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes in a 36-year-old male, what is the expected initial treatment?

1. A. Regular insulin subcutaneous

2. B. Diet and exercise regime

3. C. Metformin BID by mouth

4. D. None, monitoring is sufficient

The correct answer is: B. Diet and exercise regime

The initial treatment for a newly diagnosed individual with Type 2 diabetes typically involves lifestyle modifications, including a diet and exercise regime. These changes are crucial as they focus on improving insulin sensitivity, controlling blood glucose levels, and promoting overall health. For many patients, especially those who have recently been diagnosed and may not have very high blood sugar levels, making adjustments in diet and increasing physical activity can significantly improve glucose control. In the context of Type 2 diabetes, it is important to address lifestyle factors first because they not only help lower blood sugar but also contribute to weight loss and cardiovascular health. Many patients can see significant improvements in their blood glucose levels with these measures alone, and they may even be able to delay or prevent the need for medications. As for the other options, regular insulin is generally not the first-line treatment for Type 2 diabetes unless there are specific circumstances that warrant it, such as severe hyperglycemia or other health considerations. Metformin is a common first-line medication but is usually introduced after lifestyle interventions if they are insufficient on their own. Monitoring alone without any intervention is typically not advisable as it does not actively engage the patient in managing their condition, which is essential for long-term outcomes.